Assignment Fundamentals of Database Systems

Questions: 1. What is structured data and unstructured data? Give an example of each from your experience with data that you may have used.2. Give a general definition of information retrieval (IR). What does information retrieval involve when we consider information on the Web?3. What is meant by navigational, informational, and transformational search?4. What are the different phases of the knowledge discovery from databases? Describe a complete application scenario in which new knowledge may be mined from an existing database of transactions.5. What are the goals or tasks that data mining attempts to facilitate? Answers: 1. Structured data are data that is stored into some strict format and structure. For example, data stored in relational database have some rigid structural properties. Hence, these are structural data. On the contrary, there may be unstructured data, where there is no such format or structure followed while storing data. It has very limited application. An example is a text file containing some data, HTML files with some data etc. 2. As said by, Gerald Salton, IR or Information Retrieval is, the discipline that deals with the structure, analysis, organization, storage, searching, and retrieval of information. So, in general, IR is a process or retrieving information from a collection of documents or information in response to some query provided by some user. IR is mainly related unstructured or semi-structured data and information retrieval. 3. In the case of information used for web searches, there may be 3 types of search. Those are, Navigational search that refers to the process of finding some particular piece of information quickly as per user query. An example is, searching for earthquake on Google search. Informational search that refers to the process of finding out latest information on some topic. For example searching for research activities on IR. Transactional search that refers to the process of reaching to some site for further interaction. For example, searching to open a Facebook Account. 4. There are 6 different phases of knowledge discovery from database are, Selection of data Data cleansing Enrichment Data encoding or transforming Data mining Reporting Consider an example of a transaction database for a retailer. The database contains information about the consumers, like name, address, contact number, item purchased, quantity, price, total amount etc. So, a new sets of different knowledge can be retrieved from this database through KDD. The stages are, In data selection, different sets of information on some item or entity will be selected. For example, customers from some geographical area. During data cleansing process, the format of the data will be checked. For example, whether the ZIP code is in same and right format or not etc. During enrichment, data from other sources like social media, demographics etc. will be added to data. During data transformation different encoding can be used to shorten or compact the data formats. Data mining will be used to find patterns based on different factors. All results will be reported in understandable formats. 5. The goals of the tasks facilitated by data mining attempts are, Predictions of the behavior of some data in future. Identification of data patterns. Classification of data into different partitions or categories. Optimization of limited resources like space, time, cost etc. and maximization of output variables like profits etc. References Cellary, W., T. Morzy, E. G. (2014). Concurrency Control in Distributed Database Systems. Elsevier. Elmasri, R., Navathe, S. B. (2013). Fundamentals of Database Systems. Pearson . Han, J., Kamber, M., Pei, J. (2011). Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. Elsevier. Manning, C. D., Raghavan, P., Schtze, H. (2008). Introduction to Information Retrieval. Cambridge University Press. Mullins, C. S. (2013). Database Administration: The Complete Guide to DBA Practices and Procedures. Addison-Wesley Professional. zsu, M. T., Valduriez, P. (2011). Principles of Distributed Database Systems. Springer. Rahimi, S. K., Haug, F. S. (2010). Distributed Database Management Systems. John Wiley Sons. Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., Sudarshan, S. (2011). Database System Concepts (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Zaki, M. J., Wagner Meira, J. (2014). Data Mining and Analysis. Cambridge University Press.

Coca Cola Essay/ International free essay sample

Each company own or license and market more than five hundred nonalcoholic beverage brands such as; waters, juices, ready to drink teas and coffees across the globe. This research paper will focus on how The Coca-Cola Company uses strategies in order to compete in the completive market, Coca-Cola International, Market Segmentation, the â€Å"Cola wars† and finally, discuss the â€Å"unit case volume† of the Coca-Cola Company. Purpose of Study The purpose of this research paper is to achieve a better understanding of International Business through the basic study of a worldwide company’s strategy in order to compete with the completive market Limitations of Study One of the largest limitations of this study is finding creditable resources to support this research paper and interpreting the relevant information to the instructor’s expectations. Definition of Terms For the purpose of this paper, â€Å"Coca-Cola Company† and â€Å"Coke† will be used interchangeably; all other terms utilized in this research paper are within acknowledged meaning. Any terms that need clarification from normal usage will be defined within the text. Review of Literature Coca-Cola Mission â€Å"Our Roadmap starts with our mission, which is enduring. It declares our purpose as a company and serves as the standard against which we weigh our actions and decisions†. * To refresh the world * To inspire moments of optimism and happiness To create value and make a difference. (Thecoca-colacompany. com) Background Coca-Cola Company is the world largest non-alcoholic beverage manufacturer and distributor in the world and is no stranger to the global market. They own more than three hundred brands in more than two hundred countries. (Thecoca-colacompany. com) Created by John Pemberton, a pharmacist in Atlanta Georgia 1886 sold Coke as fountain drink and told his customer it was a â€Å"potion for mental and physical disorders†. In 1895, Asa G. Candler, a natural salesman, converted Coca-Cola from an invention into a business. He knew there were thirsty people out there, and Candler found brilliant and innovative ways to introduce them to this exciting new refreshment. He gave away coupons for complimentary first tastes of Coca-Cola, and outfitted distributing pharmacists with clocks, urns, calendars and apothecary scales bearing the Coca-Cola brand. (Heritage. coca-cola. com) The original logo was developed from the handwriting of the company’s book-keeper, Frank Robinson, back in 1885. The wavy line seen at the base of the logo (also known as the â€Å"dynamic curve† or â€Å"dynamic ribbon†) was designed when the company introduced cans. The first idea was to create a can in the same shape as the bottle. When the company realized this just wasn’t possible they came up with the idea of the dynamic curve. The shape of the line was intended to represent the shape bottle (Heritage. coca-cola. com) Coca-Cola International According to Hill (2012) â€Å"Coca-Cola, the iconic American soda maker, has long been among the most international of enterprises†. During WWII, Coke supplied the United States troops with Coca-Cola wherever in the world they went. (Hill, 2012, p. 518). On The Coca-Cola Heritage Timeline; in 1923, Robert Woodruff became the Coca Cola Company president after he inherited the company from his father. Woodruff spent more than 60 years as Company leader introducing the beverage to the world beyond. (Heritage. coca-cola. com) Woodruff was known as â€Å"marketing genius† who saw opportunities for growth everywhere. He led the expansion of Coca-Cola overseas and in â€Å"1928 introduced Coca-Cola to the Olympic Games for the first time when Coca-Cola traveled with the United States team to the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics† and has been a proud sponsor to the Olympics for 80 years In 1902, the Coca-Cola Company decided to move outside of the United States and entered Cuba. By 1929, Coke was marketing in more than seventy-six countries. Today more than seventy percent of Coca-Cola’s case volume is in international markets (Hill, 2012, p. 518). The Companys existence worldwide was growing rapidly, and year after year, Coca-Cola found a home in more and more places such as: Cambodia, Montserrat, Paraguay, Macau, Turkey and more. The international charm of Coca-Cola was actually brought to life by a 1971 commercial, â€Å"where a group of young people from all over the world gathered on a hilltop in Italy to sing Id Like to Buy the World a Coke. (heritage. coca-cola. om) According to Rubadiri (2012), â€Å"three Coca-Cola Bottling Companies-Kisii Bottlers, Mount Kenya Bottlers and Rift Bottlers have expressed their interest to enter into a three way reorganization of ownership†. The merger, which is the first of its kind, will bring 1. 5 billion dollars for shareholders. The Cola Wars For over a century, Coca Cola and Pepsi competed for the top brand of the world’s beverage market; the most intense battles of cola wars were fought over the $60-billion industry in the United States, where the average American consumed 53 gallons of carbonated soft drinks (CSD) per year. The first challenge between the two companies started in 1950 when the CEO of Pepsi made his trademark â€Å"beat Coke† and encouraged bottlers on take-home sales through supermarkets . From 1975 to 1995 both Coke and Pepsi achieved average annual growth of around 10% as both U. S and worldwide consumption consistently rose. Coke and Pepsi began to experiment with new colas and non-cola flavors in the 1960’s. Coke introduced Fanta (1960), Sprite (1961), and low calorie Tab (1963). Pepsi countered with Teem (1960), Mountain Dew (1964) and Diet Pepsi (1964) (Chauhan, 2012 p 3). The cola wars were mentioned is a song from singer Billy Joel’s â€Å"We didn’t start the fire† in 1989. Strategies used for completive market Strategy can be defined as â€Å"actions that managers take to attain the goals of a firm, the main goal is maximize the value of a firm and increase profitability† (Hill, 2012 p 418). The Coca-Cola Company is using marketing strategies to compete with companies such as; Pepsi and Schweppes, in the competitive market. As stated in an article written by Jeff Bullas  (2012. ) â€Å"Coca Cola has been part of popular culture for over 100 years and has been called a â€Å"Vision Brandâ€Å". Its marketing and communication is purposeful and connects with its audience in a way that makes it stand out from its competitors†. Also mentioned in the article that Coke is using content excellence, the purpose of content excellence is to create â€Å"Ideas† so  contagious that they cannot be controlled this is what is called â€Å"liquid content†. On a  social web  people can easily share ideas, videos and photos on social networks such Facebook† (Bullas, 2012). In an article from Neil Davidson (2012), in 2012, â€Å"Coke launched a content market strategy called â€Å"Content 2020† which revealed an enormous shift in direction and emphasis. It was built on recognition of the fact that the world is changing rapidly and traditional marketing methods are outdated. Also stated in the article, Davidson expressed Coke’s plan to change. He stated; Coca Cola have identified three key drivers as to why they need to change their approach. The first of these is that they want to double to size of their business. The second is that they have noticed the current climate within which there is a ‘distribution of creativity’ and no one has a monopoly on creativity. The third driver is the distribution of technology and the fact that consumers are empowered through their access to a range of on demand device. (2012) According to Gaudet (2012), In order to meet their 2020 target, Coca-Cola is depending primarily on growth in emerging and developing markets. During their 2020 Vision presentation, the company presented a UN projection showing that the global middle class will grow from 1. 2 billion today to 2. 2 billi on by 2020, as well as historical evidence showing a strong correlation between a country’s per-capita expenses and per-capita Non Alcoholic Ready to Drink (NARTD) consumption. Based off of this growth, Coca-Cola expects total industry annual volume to grow at a 4% annualized rate and total industry value to grow at a 5% annualized rate, from $600 billion to $1,100 billion. The 1. 2% difference could come from two sources – an improvement in product mix and market share gains (Gaudet, 2010). Stated in an article by Melodie Warner (2012), Coca-Cola announced that the company â€Å"will reorganize its operating structure around three major businesses, starting Jan. 1, 2012, in an effort to better address the changing demands of its marketplace†. The reason behind this decision is due to â€Å"American reducing their consumption of soft drinks and pockets of economic uncertainty with Europe and China†. The company’s new structure will be composed of Coca-Cola International (Europe, Pacific and Eurasia, and Africa), Coca-Cola Americas (North America and Latin America) and Bottling Group (company owned bottling operations outside of North America). (wsj. com) Market Segmentation â€Å"Market Segmentation refers to distinct groups of consumers whose purchasing behavior differs from others in important ways† (Hill, 2012, pp. 83-584). According to Hill (2012), Tastes and preferences differ from country to country, â€Å"Coca-Cola in Japan markets Georgia, a cold coffee in a can and Aquarius, a tonic drink, which appeals to Japanese tastes† (p. 586). Georgia coffee is mainly sold in Japan. Coca-Cola over the years has appealed to many types of groups and cultures and is constantly looking for new ideas t hat will catch the interest in a widely diverse population. Diet cola for an example, Coke designed Coke Zero mainly to appeal to women. Coke Classic is loved by the whole world. Some of the big name celebrities who have continued the positive brand image that associate with Coca-Cola are  Bill Cosby,  Michelle Kwan, and  Jennifer Lopez. Michelle Kwan  and Jennifer Lopez  are great endorsements because they both have avoided scandal and have kept an association with their occupation; Kwan with being an Olympic ice skater, and Lopez being a singer and actress The website mentions how they think of Bill Cosby as a â€Å"friendly family man†. cocacoladvertising. com) Although over the years Coca-Cola has made a few mistakes in choosing celebrities to endorse their product A few examples that were mentioned were Kobe Bryant, Paula Abdul and Rodger Clemens, this is how Coke clarified this â€Å"there are some celebrities who might have hurt the Coca-Cola image due to controversies over their actions. Paula Abdul  was said to have coached and had a sexual relationship with  Corey Clark, a contestant on   American Idol, a show that she was a judge on†.

Writing a Sample Self Critique Essay

Writing a Sample Self Critique EssayWriting a sample self critique essay is something that I cannot stress enough. You see, writing a critique is very different from reading one.A critique is usually written and performed by a professional literature critic. The critic analyzes the work of art or literary piece and asks some questions about the specific aspects of the work. For example, if a student wants to write a critique on Shakespeare's King Lear then the critique would usually be written in the form of an essay analyzing the theme of betrayal.The professional literature critic will use common sense as the basis for his critique. He or she will ask themselves 'Is this piece of work about betrayal?' and 'What specific aspects of the betrayal are there?'For instance, let's say that a student has chosen a book about poetry as a subject for his or her self-analysis. The student might say that he wants to write a critique on the theme of betrayal because the book is too detailed abou t what has happened to the protagonist in the past. This is not a good idea because if you do not have any common sense, it may just sound like you are whining or criticizing the author for being vague.On the other hand, if the student has used common sense, he or she might use examples like 'The character who lies in wait for someone to come and steal his wife and children...the character who betrays the lover and steals his daughter from the gallows.' There is nothing wrong with using this common sense in your own self-critical essay.So the sample self critique essay that I often offer my students is much different than the college essay that they used to write when they were in high school. It is not designed to promote my own self-esteem or improve their grade.They want to know how they can improve upon their writing and use their writing to critique others. And I want them to notice how this kind of writing enhances their critical thinking skills.Hopefully these three points wi ll help you start out the process of writing a self-critique essay on a theme of your choice. Do not worry about getting it right the first time. Just get started and when you feel ready, move on to something else.

The role of the Inspector, focus on two episodes which create dramatic impact on both the characters and the audience Essay Example For Students

The role of the Inspector, focus on two episodes which create dramatic impact on both the characters and the audience Essay An Inspector Calls is a well made play written by J. B. Priestley in 1945. Based in 1912 the play focuses on the Birling family being visited by Inspector Goole. No one quite knows who or what the inspector is as he has a ghostly sense about him. To the audience he could be a time traveller or a ghost, we never eventually find out, it is left to our imagination and helps to create mystery surrounding the character. The audience are watching the play knowing that it is set many years ago; this gives J. B. Priestley an advantage to use dramatic irony throughout the play, which allows him to make some of the characters look ridiculous. We will write a custom essay on The role of the Inspector, focus on two episodes which create dramatic impact on both the characters and the audience specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He also uses the Inspector to intimidate the Birlings with his short answers and powerful tone. His sense of massiveness soon overpowers the arrogant Mr Birling and his right wing ways, and he soon begins to get the answers he arrived for. The Birlings were celebrating the engagement of both Sheila and Gerald. However, once the Inspector arrives he soon has control of the whole situation making the atmosphere very tense. Mr Birling has a somewhat high status and tries using this to his advantage to intimidate the Inspector, evidently he realises this doesnt trouble him and notices he has no authority compared to the Inspector. A sharp ring of the front door bell Priestley uses this technique to bring the play to a pause, whilst Mr Birling stops in his tracks to soon question who is at the door. This quickly adds tension to the scene making the characters to panic, in a sense, to wonder who is knocking at such a time. Soon enough both audience and characters come to find it is Inspector Goole. At once he creates an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness. Priestly uses the way the Inspector is characterised to create impact from the moment he enters. As soon as Inspector Goole arrives he swiftly has power over the atmosphere, creating a tense yet calm ambience of the household. Looking hard at the person he addresses before actually speaking The Inspector intimidates each character by simply studying them before speaking. This gives the impression he has a lot of power, creating a big stage presence, before he has even spoken. As he begins questioning the characters, Mr Birling is quick to announce that he was Lord Mayor two years ago and Im still on the bench to try and intimidate the Inspector. Answering with a simply Quite so it soon appears that the Inspector has no interest in what Mr Birling has to say. Carrying on the Inspector tells the characters he would Like some information Two hours ago a young women died in the infirmary. Shed been taken there this afternoon because shed swallowed a lot of strong disinfectant They did everything they could for her But she died. Suicide, of course. After his sharp, rather shocking news to the Birlings, Mr Birling, being his usual obnoxious self, is quick to respond impatiently to the inspector. Telling the Inspector, Yes, yes horrid business this creates a sense of arrogance coming from Mr Birling, showing he doesnt really care what the Inspector has to say and questioning why he is being told if he isnt even concerned with such news. The Inspector is not friendly to the family and this is soon discovered when he answers to the Birlings using a short and blunt tone. The Inspector uses this way of speech to show he has not arrived for a friendly chat and is simply at the house for business. The Inspectors presence is soon resented by Mr Birling, as he sees no reason for the Inspector to be there. .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831 , .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831 .postImageUrl , .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831 , .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831:hover , .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831:visited , .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831:active { border:0!important; } .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831:active , .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831 .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e9401872ef9db58605281b4e1eae831:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why focus on Environmental Protection? Almost any EssayHe is not concerned about what Mr Birling says, the result of which is to try to threaten and intimidate the Inspector. He brushes off the sarcastic comments of Mr Birling, and continues by Cutting through, massively and carrying on his with his account or Eva Smith. He cleverly does this before Mr Birling continued to question the Inspector and became completely arrogant to what the Inspector has to say. Priestly created the Inspector very cunningly to show that people like Mr Birling, are soon made to look preposterous in what they are saying, which soon makes both characters and the audience begin to listen to the I nspector. Using the Inspector as his own voice, Priestley can get across his own right wing views and opinions on society, to then educate the audience on community and how we should all begin to look out for one another. This creates a dramatic impact as he soon begins to put across his socialist views, which teaches the audience, before it is too late, like in the play. The Inspector is still able to control the situation in a composed manner, talking Calmly to the family, but still having complete control on the whole atmosphere and mood of the room. This shows how dominant and controlling the Inspector is on the family, with only using speech. He walks straight out, leaving them staring, subdued and wondering. The Inspectors dramatic exit brings the whole play to a standstill. We then speculate, what happens to him next, and begin to wonder what the Inspectors reason was for knocking at the Birlings. On his dramatic exit, the Inspector leaves the family stunned and in shock, with no second thoughts of what has just happened. Before he exits, the Inspector reminds each family member of what they have done to help kill Eva Smith. Reminding them that they all shared responsibility for Evas Death. This adds the final touch of guilt to the family, as they are then left to think and reminisce of the consequences of their actions. Both audience and characters are then left in silence which adds dramatic anxiety to the whole theatre. Not knowing whether the Inspector will come back as a consequence, or if he is gone for good. Priestley cleverly created this atmosphere as to make the audience then start thinking about the characters actions, and the way they deal with the situation being placed in front of them. This then takes us back to everything the family had said, and to Mr Birlings speeches before the Inspector arrived and interrupted. Making the audience continue discussing between themselves after watching the play about what Mr Birling had said and who they believe the Inspector really was, makes the well made play fill Priestleys expectations. At the end of An Inspector Calls Priestley has very ingeniously got across his views on second wing politics and social responsibility, using the Inspector as his own voice.

The clouds in the sky create a nice cool blanket f Essays

The clouds in the sky create a nice cool blanket f Essays The clouds in the sky create a nice cool blanket from the hot sun. I can smell the rain that was once falling. The sound from the cars and the people create a nice little harmony that one could easily lay down and relax to. Not too far off in the distance I see the old softball stadium. And scattered around the park are huge oak trees. I can also see the playground, and the muddy path that the runners take. Now, the clouds are breaking and shinning just a hint of sun into this wonderful picture. The temperature is one that is dreamed of on the hottest and the coldest days. It is not to hot, and it is definitely not to cold. This new sunlight seems to change the color of everything. The grass which was once a forest green has now turned into green. The trees which seemed dark at first, now actually resembles brown bark and green leaves. Even the metal fence that goes around the softball stadium has turned from grey into silver. There seems to be more movement now, and I hear a bir d chirp every so often. The sun seems to be playing hide-and-go-seek with the clouds. I could definitely spend all day at this heavenly place. The clouds imprison the sun. The trees, in the breeze, shake like little kids on their first day of school. The sound of the cars and people remind you of how busy the world is. An old abandoned softball stadium looks as though it hasna t seen a player in years. The playground, that once held the smiling faces of children, now too is as lonesome as an old widow. The rain has left behind puddles. The mud, as if it were quicksand, waits for peoplea s feet. The mix of the humid air and the smog from the cars seems to clog my nose. This dark day makes me feel like I am lost in eternity. The icy wind whistles through the finger like branches of the bare trees, a light covering of snow lying heavily on their extremities. Brittle autumn leaves dance dramatically around in a great swirl of colour . Children are skating on the icy surface of the pond making large cracks like gaping wounds. Sledges hurtle down the piebald hills, rosy faces glowing and laughing, amidst the flurry of ice particles. Snowball throwing children cry with pain, their swollen red fingers throbbing with cold, their gloves wet and icy. An isolated snowman looks out over the glacial landscape, its coal eyes surveying all before it, somebody's old bob-cap perched crookedly on its cold head. People scurry along, their hats and scarves protecting them from the blustery weather, the sallow sun casting a weak shadow across the deserted play area. Those who can no longer brave the weather take shelter in the cosy warmth of the cafe. Hot drinks are welcoming against the arctic elements outside. They chat about the inclement conditions, all of them looking forward to the first awakening signs of spring. A lone swan walks gracefully towards children throwing bread, its perfect white plumage camouflaged against the crisp whiteness of the snow. Robins perch on the trees waiting for any scraps or crumbs they may find, their feathers dishevelled from the breeze. The gates on the tennis courts are locked, they lie deserted and unused waiting for the first players of the year to arrive. The bowling green and crazy golf have an eerie silence about them, they lie like a forgotten town, deserted and derelict. I leave my lonely bench now. The cold is seeping through into my bones, the blood icy through my veins. My thick coat pulled tightly to keep me a little warmer. Maybe I will come again next week to sit and watch the winter wonderland before me. C hildren run excitedly towards the chiming of the ice cream van, its familiar tune carried on the warm summer breeze, the raspberry sauce dripping blood like down their hands. Families with swimming costumed children paddle in the paddling pool, their faces contorted with laughter and delight. Some baby's lie asleep in buggies their rosy cheeks scorched by

Starting the lesson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Starting the lesson - Essay Example The thinking maps discussed by John Hattie focus on the power of passionate teaching and cognitive engagement of students. Taking John Hattie’s quote from Paul Brock in his 2012 book ‘I want †¦ teachers †¦ to nurture and challenge my daughters’ intellectual and imaginative capacities†¦to care for Sophie and Millie with humanity and sensitivity†¦ to strive to maximize their potential.’ (Hattie, 2012) signifies the shift in the overall teaching domain. In this very book Professor Hattie has listed fourteen new interventions that were not a part of his Meta analysis and among those the most crucial one is teacher’s credibility. As mentioned in the abstract had the learning be a little more practical rather than subject oriented the teacher would have taught in a markedly improved fashion. It is important for the teachers to show genuine care and educate knowledge that can add to the students’ overall well being. The students w ho do well are the ones whose teachers are credible and the students perceive their credibility to the fullest. Therefore it is important for the teachers to enhance the effective learning process of the students by possessing the right amount of knowledge and facts and sharing their knowledge in a genuine way through modern teaching

Economic principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic principles - Essay Example The shift in supply curve upwards as shown in the diagram below will results to increase in price of tomatoes from P1 to P0. On the other hand, the quantity supplied will reduce from Q1 to Q0. The equilibrium price and quantity shifts to P0 and Q0 as a result of shift in supply curve upwards. Henderson (2008) claims that the equilibrium price and quantity of tomato is determined by the interactions between demand and supply. There are several factors, which determine changes in equilibrium position. They include shift in the supply and shift in demand curve, which may shift the demand curve either upwards or downwards. Figure 1: the diagram shows the new equilibrium price and quantity as a result of upward shift in the supply curve which is caused by reduction in supply of tomatoes Question 2 (a) According to Johnsen (2002), price elasticity refers to the degree of responsiveness of the demand for a particular good or services to the changes in the price of goods or services in quest ion. Moreover, determinants of price elasticity refer to the factors that cause price elasticity. There is a host of factors, which affects the price elasticity. The factors include the presence of substitute, expected changes in price, amount of income, necessity, duration, and brand loyalty. Availability of substitute implies that increases the price elasticity because a slight difference in price would result into consumers shifting base to a rival product, which are cheaper. However, the same condition does not apply if the goods are not close substitute. Tomatoes have close substitutes such as onions and green paper. As such, if the prices of tomatoes increase due to reduction in supply, the consumers will shift to the close substitutes. The other determinant of price elasticity is level of income. Kiley (2011) assert that when the consumers have a considerably high level of income then it implies that they are less sensitive to changes in price. On the other hand, if the level of income is low then the consumers are very sensitive to changes in prices hence any slight change in price would result to consumers buying less of the product. This situation implies that despite the fact that the prices are expected to rise because of the eminent shortage, some consumers with high income will still buy tomatoes because they have low price elasticity. Necessity is yet another determinant of price elasticity; products such as food staff are basic good hence they have low price elasticity. On the hand, luxury products have high price elasticity hence consumers will buy less of the product if the price increases. Tomato is a basic good hence; it does not have high price elasticity (Klein, 2003). The other factor that affects the price elasticity of goods is duration. In the short term, the price elasticity is low while the reverse is true in the long run. The justification for this trend emanates because in the short term, the consumers have not adequately adjusted to the changes in the market. However, in the long run, the consumers have had adequate time to adjust to changes in the market and as such, they are in a position to exhibit high price elasticity. The fact that the issue of shortages of tomatoes in the market has lasted for quite some time, it means that price elasticity is also high since the consumers are responding adequately to high tomato prices, which is occasioned by the shortage of tomatoes in the