Alcohol and the Family Essay -- Alcoholism Drinking Essays Research Pa

Alcohol and the Family    In the United States alone, there are 28 million children of alcoholics - seven million of these children are under the age of eighteen.     Every day, these children experience the horrors of living with an alcoholic parent. 40%-50% of children of alcoholics grow up and become alcoholics themselves. Others develop eating disorders or become workaholics. Children of alcoholics receive mixed messages, inconsistency, upredictability, betrayal, and sometimes physical and sexual abuse from their parents. They are made to grow up too fast because they must help keep the family structure together by doing housework and taking care of siblings since the alcoholic is not doing his or her part. Children form roles that they play to help disguise the disease. The roles help distract people from seeing the real problem and serve to protect the family so it can continue to function. There are five roles that the family members will take on-- the enabler, the hero, the scapegoat, the lost chi ld, and the mascot. The enabler is usually the spouse or the parent of the alcoholic. He takes on the normal duties that the alcoholic would normally carry out such as cleaning the house, taking care of the children, or even something as simple as walking the dog. The enabler also makes excuses for the alcoholic. He may call his wife's boss and tell him she is sick when really she is home with a hang-over. Or he might explain to a neighbor that the living room lamp broke because the two-year-old accidentally knocked it off the table when in reality it was thrown across the room in a drunken fit. This act of covering up does nothing but harm the family in the end. The enabler is making excuses and lying to hide the true act... ...out the affects alcoholism has on the family, one may think that it is a life full of endless turmoil. There is help out there, though, which should begin in the school system. Schools need to educate kids about alcohol abuse and establish an ongoing trusting relationship with kids who need help. The children aren not to blame for the actions of their parents and they need someone to help them understand that it's not their fault and they can break the cycle. This way the children will know that they have at least one person they can turn to for help and that they aren't alone. Bibliography: 1. Children of Alcoholism, Barbara L. Wood, New York University Press, 1987 2. Working with Children of Alcoholics, Bryan E. Robinson, Lexington Books, 1989 3. Substance Abuse Treatment: A Family Systems Perspective, Edith M. Freeman, Sage Publications, 1993

Free Siddhartha Essays: Significance of the River :: Hesse Siddhartha Essays

The Significance of the River in Siddhartha In the book Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse the significance of the river is displayed throughout the experiences that Siddhartha has next to the river and the things that by listening to the sound he comes to understand. Siddhartha is learning something from the moment he rides the ferry to the time when Govinda lays on the ground with tears flowing uncontrollably. Siddhartha admits to having no money to pay for the voyage, but the Ferryman says that friendship is payment enough, and takes him into town. After leaving town, Siddhartha returns to the river where had met the Ferryman earlier. Intrigued by the river's beauty and silent wisdom, Siddhartha decides to stay by the river. Siddhartha soon meets the Ferryman Vasuveda, the same man who took him across the river earlier. Siddhartha offers to be Vasuveda's apprentice, an offer that the Ferryman graciously accepts. The two grow together as Siddhartha begins to learn the river's wisdom, and soon Siddhartha begins to emulate Vasuveda's demeanor, expressing a contented peace in the routine of daily life. Years pass. One day, the two Ferrymen hear that the Buddha is dying. Kamala, on hearing the news as well, travels with her son to be near Goatama. As she passes near the river, she is bitten by a snake and dies, but not before Vasuveda takes her to Siddhartha. After Kamala dies, Siddhartha keeps his son with him by the river. The boy, though, refuses to accept Siddhartha as his father and consequently does nothing he is told. Many months pass, but the boy remains intransigent. Eventually the boy runs away. Vasuveda tells Siddhartha to let him go, but Siddhartha follows him. Upon reaching the town, Siddhartha recalls his own experiences there and admits to himself what he knew all along, that he could not help the boy. Siddhartha feels a great sorrow at this loss, and the happiness he had known as a Ferryman leaves him. Vasuveda soon arrives and leads the despondent Siddhartha to back to the river. The pain of losing his son was long lasting for Siddhartha. It enabled him, however, to identify with ordinary people more than ever before. Though Siddhartha was beginning to understand what wisdom really is, the thought of son did not leave him. One day he sets off in search of his son, but stops as he heard the river laughing at him. Free Siddhartha Essays: Significance of the River :: Hesse Siddhartha Essays The Significance of the River in Siddhartha In the book Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse the significance of the river is displayed throughout the experiences that Siddhartha has next to the river and the things that by listening to the sound he comes to understand. Siddhartha is learning something from the moment he rides the ferry to the time when Govinda lays on the ground with tears flowing uncontrollably. Siddhartha admits to having no money to pay for the voyage, but the Ferryman says that friendship is payment enough, and takes him into town. After leaving town, Siddhartha returns to the river where had met the Ferryman earlier. Intrigued by the river's beauty and silent wisdom, Siddhartha decides to stay by the river. Siddhartha soon meets the Ferryman Vasuveda, the same man who took him across the river earlier. Siddhartha offers to be Vasuveda's apprentice, an offer that the Ferryman graciously accepts. The two grow together as Siddhartha begins to learn the river's wisdom, and soon Siddhartha begins to emulate Vasuveda's demeanor, expressing a contented peace in the routine of daily life. Years pass. One day, the two Ferrymen hear that the Buddha is dying. Kamala, on hearing the news as well, travels with her son to be near Goatama. As she passes near the river, she is bitten by a snake and dies, but not before Vasuveda takes her to Siddhartha. After Kamala dies, Siddhartha keeps his son with him by the river. The boy, though, refuses to accept Siddhartha as his father and consequently does nothing he is told. Many months pass, but the boy remains intransigent. Eventually the boy runs away. Vasuveda tells Siddhartha to let him go, but Siddhartha follows him. Upon reaching the town, Siddhartha recalls his own experiences there and admits to himself what he knew all along, that he could not help the boy. Siddhartha feels a great sorrow at this loss, and the happiness he had known as a Ferryman leaves him. Vasuveda soon arrives and leads the despondent Siddhartha to back to the river. The pain of losing his son was long lasting for Siddhartha. It enabled him, however, to identify with ordinary people more than ever before. Though Siddhartha was beginning to understand what wisdom really is, the thought of son did not leave him. One day he sets off in search of his son, but stops as he heard the river laughing at him.

Philosophy Educating Humanity? :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Philosophy Educating Humanity? ABSTRACT: Over two millennia of Western philosophy has not yet contributed much to the education of humanity. Philosophy has almost always been the exclusive domain of a small group of men. This elite character makes the assumption that philosophy could contribute to the education of human beings towards humanity — a humanity of human rights — improbable. If we want to educate human beings towards humanity, we will first have to teach them a sense of responsibility. The power of persuasion needed in order to teach such a sense of responsibility requires that we demonstrate our involvement in and co-responsibility for their concrete problems by presenting clear analyses of these problems and by setting a good example wherever possible. One of the most universal and concrete problems of life is the issue of procreation. As regards this issue, however, philosophers have failed miserably: they themselves have often exhibited irresponsible procreation and have, in fact, only recently begun to consider the issue a subject for philosophy. I will try to analyze when a decision to procreate or abort may be called responsible and whether and to what extent the applications of modern techniques such as in vitro fertilization are in line with our views of human rights. Two and a half thousand years of Western philosophy have not yet contributed much to the education of humanity. Philosophy has always been the almost exclusive domain of a small group of men, conversing in esoteric language on the most abstract of subjects, without being much concerned about the needs of the ordinary people around them. This elitism undermines the assumption that philosophy could contribute to the education of humanity as a whole, and it makes the assumption that it could contribute to the education of human beings towards humanity — a humanity of human rights — entirely improbable. If we want to educate human beings towards humanity we will first have to teach them a sense of responsibility: the awareness that each is responsible for his or her own actions and the consequences which can be expected to ensue, together with the awareness that a person’s rights and freedoms may not encroach upon the corresponding rights and freedoms of another. The power of persuasion needed in order to teach such a sense of responsibility requires that we demonstrate our involvement in and co-responsibility for their concrete problems, by presenting clear analyses of these problems and by setting a good example wherever possible.

Business Managing financial resources and decisions Essay

Introduction Mrs. Jessica Bell wants to setup her own company which will provide accounting and consultancy solutions. She has collected other necessary information and other aspects are also easily available to her. The name of the company is JAC SOLUTIONS. The company needs $800000 to bear the cost of establishment, working capital and seed capital. She already has 200000 pounds and needs to get 600000 pounds through sources of long term and short term finance. We need to analyze different sources of finances that can eb taken to consideration for bearing the cost of working capital, seed capital and establishment costs. We also need to determine the implications and related advantages and disadvantages of the sources of finance. Apart from this, Mrs. Jessica Bell wants to purchase a property of 350000 pounds for the business purpose and for this she is considering a long term loan for 12 years and a mortgage of 25 years. She has 70000 pounds for initial deposit for the property. Now we need to calculate and analyze that which one will better option for her for buying the property. Apart from this she needs to understand the meaning and importance of financial planning and the information that are needed about a business by the investors and shareholders. We also need to describe the different types of budgets and the importance of budget analysis in decision making process. we will also analyze the financial statements of a profit making organisation. Question P1 Four sources of finances that are available to JAC SOLUTIONS She can consider some sources of finances as discussed below- Venture capital Venture capital funds support growing firms during their inception stages and before they are going for initial public offerings of shares. Firm will get venture capital as a form of equity capital. It represents a highly risky investment in the hope of earning higher return in future. It typically invests into equity or quasi equity instruments in financial market which will be able to share the risk and profit of the investee firm. Venture capitalist not only invests in the new company but also guides the firm actively in taking major decisions. Financial burden of the assisted firm tends to be low. Venture capitalist normally close it position by liquidating the investment from the assisted firm after 7 years. (Chandra, 2011, p.436). Bank Loan Personal or commercial loans from banks and financial institutions are one of the most popular forms of financing. It includes long term and short term loans. Long term loans are useful to finance fixed assets and large expenses like buildings, property and machinery. Short term loans are having duration of one year or less. These are mainly helpful for to pay day to day business expenses like payroll, inventory or any urgent requirements. Private Equity Private equity has become an integral part of the financial services industry in the world in last two decades for funding in small new business. Private equity companies are those which have their own pools of capital invested by different institutions or high net worth individuals and run by such managers who have deep knowledge in financial market linked to the performance of the funds. Private equity companies have their own set of written agreements upon which they judge the investee companies. They also participate in board meetings and can take managerial decisions (Chandra, 2011, p.437). Small Business Administration SBA helps to facilitate loan for a new business venture through a third party lender. It provides various types of financial assistance for the business which are effective and are designed to meet key needs. It includes debt financing, bonds, equity financing. In case of debt financing, SBA does not provide loans directly to the business. But it sets the guidelines for the requirement and then it is lent by lenders, micro lending institutions etc. guarantee of the loan is given by the SBA. Thus a SBA loan is similar to a commercial loan for a business (SBA, 2013). Question P2 Implications of Venture Capital Venture capital is one of the important sources of finance. If an entrepreneur decides toi take the help0 to raise finance for his/her business then he/she may go to the venture capitalists. In this case, the entrepreneur needs not to worry about the finance, the venture capital organisation will look after it but the venture capital firm will also take part in the managerial decisions of the organisation. Advantages and disadvantages of sources of Finance Pros and Cons of Venture Capital Financing The main advantage of venture capital financing is the venture capitalists gamble on the new company. If the new succeeds they earn high rate of return but if the new idea fails then they absorb their losses. If the business fails the new firm won’t have any burden on them. Beside this venture capital also help to grow business quickly. As the venture capitalists have a share in the new business, thus it’s also their interest to improve the network of the business with rich investors who might become more profitable for the business (Cetindamar, 2003, pp. 29-30). There are also some disadvantages of venture capital financing. Venture capitalist owns a large portion of stake in the new company. Although the new company need not to repay the money of the investors but it has some limitations. Venture capitalist invests his money in exchange of shares of the company. This reduces the number of shares in the hand of the founder of the company. Implications of Bank Loan Bank loan can be taken to generate additional finance for the organisation. The implications of bank loan are that it can be arranged against some securities and the borrower needs to pay a fixed rate of interest. The bank will not interfere in any of the managerial decisions. Pros and Cons of Bank Loans The advantages of bank loan are that bank loans are cheap than equity financing and incase of bank loans the bank does not interfere in the managerial decisions of the company. The disadvantage of is that it carries interest which should be refund with the principle amount in a specific duration of time. If the company is unable to repay it within stipulated time period then the bank can overtake the assets of the company which may leads to bankruptcy. Implications of Private Equity The implications of private equity are quite similar with the implications of venture capital. The implications of private equity are that this helps to get additional finance and take the responsibilities of the business and help to take appropriate decisions. Pros and Cons of Private Equity The main importance of private equity investment is that it involves introducing a new partner to the business that will share the responsibilities of the business and help in the managerial decisions. It also helps the business to raise equity at higher price and private equity firms also the help the new company by bringing additional skills and new business networks that will be more profitable for the new company (Benjamin, 2000, p.27). Private equity firm also has some kind of limitations. The promoter of the new company is accountable to the private equity firm for any kind of major decisions. Implications of SBA The implications of SBA are that it helps to get third party loan like bank loans easily. Pros and Cons of SBA The main important advantage of an SBA is that if the company treats the SBA loan properly then its chance of getting bank loan gets easy. It also has some disadvantages like it doesn’t invest directly in the new business. Question P3 Sources of finances for buying the property Mrs. Bell wants to a buy a property of 350000 pounds and she has 70000 pounds in her hand for initial deposit which is 20% of the property. Thus she needs to get funding for 280000 pounds. Long term loan Long term loans are useful for buying property and these are for generally more than 12 months. In this case Mrs. Bell wants to take a long term loan of 280000 pounds for 12 years. In UK the current rate of interest is near about 6% for long term loans (Money.co.uk, 2014). Mortgage Mortgage is a debt instrument which is secured by a specific real estate property and the borrower of the mortgage is bound to pay back the principle with interest rate within a time period. It is used to buy large amount of real estate. In UK the current rate of mortgage is 6% and here the duration of mortgage will be 25 years. Question P4 Borrowed Amount 280000 280000 Total Interest Payment 336000 700000 Total repayment 616000 980000 Total month 144 300 Monthly installment  £ 4,278  £ 3,267 The cost of the long term loan will be 4,278 pounds per month and total interest will paid of 336000 pounds. The cost of the mortgage will be 3,267 pounds per month. Total interest will be 700000 pounds. Thus we can see that the monthly interest of long term loan is higher than the mortgage payment but we should consider that in case of mortgage payment we need to pay more amount of total interest along with the principle amount than the long term loan. But for a starting business it will be better to pay less  monthly installment because it is not sure about how money it will be able to earn in the beginning. Thus mortgage payment method should be chosen as the interest payment will be less. Question P5 Financial planning can be defined as calculating about expected expenses and revenues for the coming financial year. Financial planning is necessary for a business organization to conduct the business activity in a smooth way. Importance Financial planning is important because it states about the probable necessary income and expenditures which will help to earn profit for the business organization. Financial planning includes budgeting method in which managers prepare a budget about upcoming income and expenses that the company has to taken care of. It helps us to set up a sales target and goals for production process. Cash budget states about the future cash receipts and payments for a specific period. It typically takes into account a period in the nearest future. The cash budget helps the business to decide when revenues will be sufficient to cover expenditures and when the organization will need to look for outside financing. It is done monthly to look after the liquidity position of the company. Thus if cash budget has surplus amount of cash then it can be said that the company is well going by fulfilling the revenue target within the budgeted expenditures. Question P6 Financial statements provide financial information to the investors and creditors regarding financial performance of the company. Analysis of financial statements helps the managers to make decisions by understanding the financial condition of the company (Wild, 2006, pp.12-15). For instance, the creditors and banks (capital providers) are generally interested in the safety and profitability of their investment. The balance sheet of the company gives them an idea about where their money was invested by providing detailed information about the assets of company. Shareholders’ equity shown in the balance sheet is important for making decision making because it shows the changes in various equity components including retained earnings. The total net-worth of the company is the sum of retained earnings and shareholders’ equity. Growth in shareholders’ equity by increasing retained  earnings implies accumulated investment returns (Swart, 2004, pp.300-302). Question P7 If the shareholders of this business choose to include debt capital to finance this project then it is very important for the business to have healthy financial statements. Since debt capital is a fixed obligation that requires regular repayment of interest along with principal. The business will have to pay regular interest on outstanding capital even if it incurs losses and has to liquidate assets. If the business is not able to earn more than its cost of capital then the net-worth of the investors will turn negative and business will be a failure. The most important impact of sources of finance on financial statements arises from sale of assets and loan. The impact of loan on financial statements include reduction in net profit due to servicing of interest rate liability; higher provisions for doubtful debts; and increase in liabilities along with increase in assets where funds were employed. The sale of asset helps organizations to realize cash immediately. This strategy is gener ally employed when the organization is unable to generate sufficient cash from core operations. Question P8 Sales budget- It is constructed to estimate the future sales and it can be broken into currency and units. It is used to set a target for sales goals for the company. Production budget- It estimates the number of uni8ts of output which should be produced to meet the sales target. It also states about various costs that are involved in the manufacturing process. Material budget Material budget is constructed after calculating the production requirements after preparing the production budget. It includes cost and amount of raw materials that is needed to conduct the production. Labour budget It is used to calculate the labor hours which will be needed to produce the required amount of output. Cash Budget It is an expectation of future cash receipts and consumptions for a specific  time period. It typically takes into account a period in the nearest future. The cash budget helps the business to decide when revenues will be sufficient to cover expenditures and when the organization will need to look for outside financing. Master budget The master budget is a one-year budget arranging record for the firm incorporating all different budgets. It matches with the financial year of the firm and may be broken down into quarters and, further, into months. On the off chance that the firm plans for the master budget to make continuous record, moving from year to year, then ordinarily a month is added to the end of the budget to encourage arranging. This is also known as continuous budgeting. How budget analysis is useful to make appropriate decision Budget Analysis is very much helpful in making appropriate decisions. Budget helps the organization to decide about the necessary cost and sales target to fulfill. With the help of a budget, management can take proper decisions about the performance of the employees in meeting the target. Budget also helps to determine the efficiency of the managers in fulfilling the target work (The Times 100, 2014). Here we can take example of cash budget. Cash budget is very much necessary as it makes us understand about the situation of cash flow in the company. It is constructed by deducting all the expenses from the sources of cash income. It is done monthly to look after the liquidity position of the company. Thus if cash budget has surplus amount of cash then it can be said that the company is well going by fulfilling the sales goal within limited expenditures. Question P11 All profit making organization conducts some transactions everyday which has to be recorded in respective accounts so as to ascertain and reflect the true position of financial resources. Here we have taken the example of Tesco as the profit making Organization to describe the main financial statements (see appendix). The income statement of Tesco shows the total revenue of 64826 million pounds. It has gross profit of 4584 million pounds and operating income of 3074 million pounds. The company has earned 124 million pounds as net profit for the financial year 2013. From the balance  sheet of the company we can see that the total current asset is 13096 million pounds and total current liabilities are 18985 million pounds. The total asset is 50129 million pounds. The total liabilities and equity is 50129 pounds (Bloomberg, 2014). The Profit and Loss account provides information regarding total revenues, cost of sales, and gross profit. The gross profit is amount of money generated by the firm from direct sale of goods and services to customers which takes into account the direct cost of production (like cost of raw materials, labors, overheads, etc.). It also provides administrative and operating expenses and profit. The net profit for the period is shown in the reserves and surplus section of balance sheet. Without the P&L account it will not be possible for organizations to analyze true position of business on particular date. The balance sheet reflects the true financial position of firm by showing the total assets, liabilities and equity capital of the promoters. The assets and liabilities are also classified according to time period (long-term or short-term). Long-term or fixed assets include land, machinery, furniture, etc. and long-term liabilities include term loans, debentures, etc.; short-term assets are cash, bills receivables, inventory, etc. The assets are financial resources owned by profit making firm whereas liabilities are resources owed by firm to internal and external stakeholders. The total assets should always be equal to total liabilities and owners’ equity capital. This is because liabilities are sources of fund and assets are application of funds implying that theoretically they should be equal (Gallagher and Andrew, 2007, pp.62-68). Conclusion From the above study we can see that there are different types of sources of finances available to Mrs. Bell like venture capital, private equity, bank loan and small business administration. Depending upon the implications and the related advantages and disadvantages she probably choose bank loan as the source of her necessary finance. We have also seen the meaning and importance of financial planning and how information related to financial statements are helpful to the investors, shareholders and employees of the organisation. Apart from this, cash budget is also very much essential for managers to take important decision regarding the current position of the company. Thus from the above study it can be concluded that to take any  important decision in an organisation we need to analyze each and every aspect of the organisation and the financial position of the organisation. References Chandra. P., 2011. Financial Management. India: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. SBA, 2013, What SBA Offers to Help Small Businesses Grow. [online]. Available at: http://www.sba.gov/content/what-sba-offers-help-small-businesses-grow. [Accessed on: March 31, 2014]. Cetindamar, D., 2003. The Growth of Venture Capital: A Cross-cultural Comparison. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group. Benjamin, G., 2000. Angel Financing: How to Find and Invest in Private Equity. USA: John Wiley & Sons. Gallagher, T. J. and Andrew, J. D., 2007. Financial Management: Principles and Practice. 4. United States: Pearson Education, Inc. Swart, N., 2004. Personal Financial Management. 2. New Delhi: Juta and Company Ltd. Wild, J. J., 2006. Financial Statement Analysis. 9. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. The Times 100., 2014. Budgeting and cash flow. [Online]. Available at: http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/business-theory/finance/budgeting-and-cash-flow.html#axzz2xXcthI5I. [Accessed on: March 31, 2 014]. Money.co.uk., 2014. Compare Secured Loans. [Online]. Available at: http://www.money.co.uk/loans/secured-loans.htm. [Accessed on: March 31, 2014]. Bloomberg., 2014. Tesco Plc (TSCO:London Stock Exchange). [Online]. Available at: http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=TSCO:LN. [Accessed on:4/5/2014]. Bibliography Landstrom, E., 2012. Handbook of Research on Venture Capital. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Chandra. P., 2009. Projects 7/E. India: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Brigham, E., 2013. Financial Management: Theory & Practice. Cengage Learning Cendrowski, H., et al., 2012. Private Equity: History, Governance, and Operations. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Bartzokas, A., 2004. Financial Systems, Corporate Investment in Innovation. and Venture Capital. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Metrick, A., 2011. Venture Capital and the Finance of Innovation. USA: John Wiley and Sons.

International Trade and Finance Speech Essay

Introduction Today I would like to discuss, with you, the current state of the U.S. macro economy. I will attempt to simply address concepts and terms which focus on international trade and foreign exchange rates. Much of the discussion will focus around the surplus of imports brought into the U.S., and the impact it has on the U.S. businesses and consumers involved. I will also describe the effects of the international trade to GDP, domestic markets, and university students. It is important to understand how the government’s choices, in regards to tariffs and quotas, affect international relations and trade; so I will describe the interactive relationship in regards to tariffs and quotas, and how the government’s choices affect international relations and trade. We will also understand how foreign exchange rates are determined, and identify the reasons the U.S. does not restrict goods from China and minimize imports from other countries. Imports in the U.S. The U.S. imports many goods from various countries around the globe; and the trading of these goods plays an important role in the stability of economic growth for the U.S. The U.S. imports goods or products from other countries such as China; and if the U.S. has a surplus of imports it means there is an increase in the trade deficit, which is not good for the U.S. because trade deficits usually increase unemployment. Examples of products with an import surplus in the U.S. are China’s auto-parts. The U.S. auto-parts industry is at risk of lost jobs because of the rapid growth of auto-parts imported from China. The Chinese government unfairly subsidizes and trades auto-parts to the U.S.; which in return jeopardizes jobs related to the auto-parts industry in the U.S. Exports from the U.S. support jobs, but imports supplant production which would otherwise support U.S. employment. The U.S. auto-parts trade deficit increased from $9.5 billion in the year 2000 to $31.2 billion in the year 2010. During the year 2010, China’s exports of auto-parts exceeded their imports of U.S. products by 725 percent. The impact of this discrepancy between the two countries forces consumers and businesses, in the U.S., to evaluate which products are worth buying. Many times China’s products are manufactured just as thoroughly as their counterparts in the U.S., and they are often much cheaper to purchase. In order to save money, many U.S. companies and consumers will purchase goods from China, and also establish businesses and create jobs in that country which would otherwise benefit domestic employment (â€Å"Economic Policy Institute†, 2012). GDP I would like to next address the effects of international trade to the GDP, domestic markets, and university students. International trade has become important to the U.S. economy in recent years, and the benefits of a global market improve the U.S. standard of living. The problem for the U.S. is the contraction of the GDP because of reduced exports and higher imports. The outflow of domestic currency to foreign markets can decrease the currency of the dollar, and make imports more expensive to purchase. If the currency of the dollar decreases, domestic markets will suffer because now goods cost more to purchase. Domestic markets can also be affected by international trade. If imports are cheaper than domestic company products, then domestic markets may suffer because the imports are cheaper to purchase. Many international students and public and private institutions also benefit from the effects of international trade. The revenues generated by international students are important because they usually pay out-of-state tuition, and the education sector usually benefits from a trade surplus (â€Å"Business Day†, 2013). Tariffs and Quotas The government’s choices, in regards to tariffs and quotas, usually have a big effect on international trade and relations. Many countries rely on net exports to maximize their productions companies. When quotas and tariffs are introduced to the global market, it can affect the flow of goods and products to consumer nations; and can negatively impact the production companies. Because it is usually beneficial for international companies to maximize production, tariffs and quotas can potentially strain international relations and trade. Exchange Rates I would like to next address foreign exchange rates and what determines them. Most of us are aware that currency has a value attached to it. The difference between the two country’s currency value, and the rate for what they will be exchanged for each other; is known as the foreign exchange rate. The exchange rates are determined in the foreign exchange market, which determines the local demand for foreign currencies (â€Å"Businessdictionary.com†, 2013). Goods in the U.S. The question is often asked, if China has restrictions on U.S. imports, then why does the U.S. not restrict goods coming in from China? To answer the question simply, Chinese imports are important to the U.S. because China has the fastest growing markets in the world. If the U.S. were to stop imports from China, then accordingly China would stop imports for the U.S., and we would not have access that important market. It is vital to have relationships with the global market, because those trade relationships keep the U.S. relevant in the global economy. Many economists agree if the U.S. were to stop trading with foreign countries, then the entire global economy would collapse, which would result in the entire globe going into a depression. Conclusion In conclusion I would like to state that I hope I have addressed all of you questions about the current state of the U.S. macro economy. It is important to understand the importance of all countries involved with foreign trade, and how their imports and our exports directly affect the U.S. economy and our jobs. While we would like to be independent from a lot of foreign goods, the idea of total independence from foreign trade is virtually impossible. As we discussed earlier, the reason is because of our trade deficits and their countries ability to invest in the U.S. References Economic Policy Institute. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.epi.org/publication/bp336-us-china-auto-parts-industry/ Businessdictionary.com. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/foreign-exchange-rate.html Business Day. (2013). Retrieved from http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/12/10/the-impact-of-foreign-trade-on-the-economy/

Scientifc Method Lab 1

3/22/2013 Lab 1- The scientific method In this lab I am learning about the steps of the scientific method and how it can be applied to daily life. In my first exercise I analyzed data presented to me in a table (table 2) on fish population in relation to the amount of dissolved oxygen ( ppm ) in the water. The patterns indicate that when more dissolved oxygen (ppm) is present in the water, the number of fish observed increases. In developing a hypothesis for this theory, I have decided that if the amount of dissolved oxygen (ppm) is added to the water, then more fish we be observed, than water without adding dissolved oxygen to the water.My approach would be to devise an experiment in which the amount of dissolved oxygen (ppm) can be changed in a controlled manner, then measure and record the changes. My independent variable would be the amount of dissolved oxygen (ppm) in the water, while the dependent variable would be the amount of fish present. The control I would use in this spe cific experiment would be the temperature of the water. I would graph this data using a bar graph because the results I am comparing are not representative in a continuous series, and doesn’t include dates, or days that samples are taken.The results are independent from each other. When presenting the data from table 2: Water Quality vs. fish Population, I would use a bar graph using the number of fish observed on the horizontal, and the amount of dissolved water (ppm) vertical. Such as in the graph presented in figure 4: Top speed for cars. The data presented in my graph would show that when higher amounts of dissolved oxygen (ppm) are present, the higher the quantities of fish are observed. In exercise 2 , I have determined that number 1,5 and 10 are testable, while 2,3,4,6,7, and 9 are not testable. . When a plant is placed on a window sill, it grows faster than when it is placed on a coffee table in the middle of the living room. Hypothesis: If the plant is placed on the window sill and getting more sunlight, then I will grow faster than the plant placed on the coffee table in the middle of the living room where it receives less sunlight. Null Hypothesis: If I place the plant on the window sill, it will grow at the same rate as the plant on the coffee table. My approach would be to create an experiment where the amount of sunlight can be changed in a ontrolled manner, then measure and record the results. The independent variable would be the amount of sunlight the plants are exposed to, while the dependent variable would be the amount of growth of the plants. My controls could be the amount of water given to each plant, the humidity, or the time of day, to name a few. I would collect my data by recording the amount of time each plant is exposed to sunlight, and measuring the amount of growth each day. The data would then be presented using a line graph, representing growth in height, by day, Day 1, day 2, day 3 and day 4. separate lines will represe nt each plant. One line with sun light and another line without sunlight. My data will then be taken and analyzed from the tests, documentation and recordings done daily. Then I would use the data to support or nullify the hypothesis. 5. When Sally eats healthy foods and exercises regularly, her blood pressure is lower than when she does not exercise and eats fatty foods. Hypothesis: If Sally eats healthy foods and exercises, then her blood pressure will be lower than if she does not exercise and eats fatty foods.Null hypothesis: If Sally eats healthy foods and exercises her blood pressure will be the same as if she does not exercise and eats fatty foods. My approach would be to record blood pressures for one week while not exercising and eating fatty foods. Then I would record blood pressures the following week while exercising and eating healthy food. The dependent variable will be blood pressure while the independent variable will be exercise, what kind of food eaten such as heal thy versus fatty.The control variable would be the intensity of exercise and the time of day eating the foods. I would collect my data by keeping a log of daily blood pressures. Also I would log the amount of exercise and what food is being eaten. In presenting the data I would use a graph showing the blood pressure trends. Analyzing the data with given results of the tests, and other support or nullify the hypothesis. 10. Ice cream melts faster on a warm summer day than on a cold winter day. Hypothesis: If it is a warm summer day then ice cream will melt faster than it would on a cold winter day.Null hypothesis: If ice cream melts on a warm summer day, then it will melt just as fast on a cold winter day. My approach would be to record the amount of time it takes for ice cream to melt on both warm summer days and on cold winter days. The dependent variable would be the amount of time it takes for ice cream to melt, while the independent variable would be the type of day, warm summer day, or cold winter day. The control would be the amount of ice cream and the type of ice cream.I would collect my data by recording the type of day and the amount of time it takes for the ice cream to melt. I would then present it by using a bar graph to compare. Analyzing the data is achieved by using all the data collected and either support or nullify the hypothesis. An example of using the scientific method to an everyday problem would be saving money on a utility bill. Unplugging all unused appliances and turning off lights when not in use to cut back on the bill. I could test this by using the scientific method and performing experiments to support or nullify my hypothesis.

Advantage of technical-vocational courses Essay

THE RESEARCHERS WISH TO EXPRESS THEIR PROFOUND gratitude to the persons who by their contributions have helped them to make this research with the guidance of their inspiring teacher, Mrs. Guiselle De Gusman Avila who widened their knowledge about Technical-Vocational courses, to their friends, Francis Abainza, Christian Palma who gave them more information and the other persons that give their ending support, and especially to their beloved parents Mrs. Clarita B. Bulawan and Carlos B. Bulawan, Mrs. Ma. Teresa c. Federizon and Mr. Jaime B. Federizon Sr. For their support morally, spiritually, emotionally and  physically. INTRODUCTION Severalstudentsinourpresentgeneration Desire to have their own respective courses. There are two main courses program, Technological – Vocational courses and professional courses. But the researchers’ situation, Technological-Vocational courses is more advantages than Professional courses. ThisstudyaimstodiscusshowTechnological Vocational courses are more advantage than other courses offered, especially to the graduating students and job seeking people. The scope ofthisresearchis allabout the advantages of Technological – Vocational courses, its characteristics , its branches of courses, how to  enroll and also the importance. In gathering the data needed for this study, the researchers made an interview with some person/students who are studying in Technological–Vocational schools. The researchers also conducted survey in schools, surfed the internet and got Information in public libraries and resources. I. What Technological – Vocational courses is Vocational education (also known asvocational education and training or VET) is an education that prepares people for specific trades, crafts and careers at various levels from a trade, a craft, technician, or a professional position in engineering, accountancy, nursing,  medicine, and other healing arts, architecture, pharmacy, law etc. Craft vocations are usually based on manual or practical activities, traditionally non-academic, related to a specific trade, occupation, or vocation. It is sometimes referred to as technical education as the trainee directly develops expertise in a particular group of techniques. Technical Education, instruction in a skill or procedure, usually of a mechanical type, and at a level between that of the professional scientist or engineer and that of a skilled craftsperson. Technicians support scientists and engineers by designing, developing,  producing, and maintaining machines and materials. The work of a technician is more limited in scope than that of a scientist or engineer and is commonly considered practical rather than theoretical in its orientation. A. What Are Its Characteristic Vocational education may be classified as teaching procedural knowledge. This can be contrasted with declarative knowledge, as used in education in a usually broader scientific field, which might concentrate on theory and abstract conceptual knowledge, characteristic of tertiary education. Vocational education can be at the secondary, post-secondary level, further education level  and can interact with the apprenticeship system. Increasingly, vocational education can be recognized in terms of recognition of prior learning and partial academic credit towards tertiary education. Inindustry,jobsfortechniciansrangefrom those that are narrow in scope and require relatively limited technical understanding, such as the routine inspection of parts, to those that require a considerable level of mathematical, scientific, and applied technological ability, such as engineering aide, instrumentation technician, draftsperson and tool designer. The growing field of computer technology is providing many  new employment opportunities for technicians. B. What Are Its Importance THE IMPORTANCE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION THAT IS imparted by specialized educational and training institutions, whose mission it is to prepare individuals for the demands ahead and prepare them to become independent experts and deliver their knowledge that they have acquired through various training programs. We find situations where many people may have the experience but not the qualification or the qualification but no experience so this then becomes a catch 22 situation and certain specialized fields lack the right candidate to fit the correct job role. It is very important to recognize that in today’s economy vocational jobs are becoming more and more important. This is why vocational education programs are essential to individuals looking to secure good career prospects in particular industries. C. How to Enroll in Technical-Vocational courses 1. Requirements Attendingtech-vocationalopensup opportunities for new experiences, learning and careers. Applying and acceptance to a tech-vocational school starts the process. Some vocational schools require only a few items to apply, while others stipulate many different types of enrollment forms and submissions. A successful  application requires that you fulfill the tech-vocational requirements. To enroll in a tech-vocational course you may contact the tech-vocations school for additional requirements. 2. Processes In vocational-technical education, production training alternates with theoretical instruction. The most effective combination of theoretical instruction and practical training is established for each field of specialization. In secondary vocational-technical schools, about 40 percent of class time is devoted to general subjects, 20 percent to special subjects, and 40 percent to production training. In technical schools and standard  vocational-technical schools for secondary school graduates, the proportions are 10, 20, and 70 percent, respectively. II. Factors That Encourages Students to Enroll In Technical – Vocational School A. Popularity Vocational-technical education became an independent stage of vocational education in the developed European capitalist countries during the second half of the 19th century. In the United States, this took place after World War 1(1914–18), when there was a sharp drop in the influx of skilled workers from Europe. B. Willingness The vocational-technical educational institutions exploited the labor of adolescents and often  employed insufficiently skilled workers as masters. In many cases there was no program of instruction, educational supplies were limited, and the students were given no theoretical knowledge. However, students have their own opportunity to select their own willing courses. C. Advantages Vocational courses and vocational training might equip you with the skills necessary to enter a particular profession, but their value is still far less compared to an honors bachelor degree or other types of academic degrees. It is usually backbenchers and dumbos – students with lesser merit and limited diligence who take  up vocational courses, normally after failing to find a seat in any university. Before taking up any vocational course, it is advisable to properly and thoroughly research the field and find out which particular skills and qualities your potential employer is searching for. Only then should you enroll in a vocational course in a reputed college. III. What are The Advantages of Technical – Vocational Courses A. Fast Employment Vocational courses are skill focused and impart practical knowledge to pupils that make them employable. The inclusion of practical on the job experience and work related projects provides valuable training and  real life experience which come in handy for securing jobs. In short, vocational courses are employment friendly. B. Enjoy To Work Technical-Vocational courses are reliable to work within even if you are willing and interested too much to your course. C. To Improve Skills Even though when you are working, one such thing is improving, not only your mind but also your skills. It is known as upgrading your natural talent. D. To Get High Salary Studentswho attendvocational schoolsaccredited by the Department of Education are eligible to receive financial aid from the U. S. government. Some students are  even eligible to receive grant money that does not need to be repaid. Vocationalschools arebeneficialbecause they often charger lower tuition than colleges and universities. High-school students who attend vocational classes through their high schools often enroll in the vocational program free of charge. E. They Can Go Abroad Some agencies offered jobs from abroad. So that worker can go work to other countries. F. They can Get Experiences Graduates of a vocational school program are equipped to enter the job market armed with marketable career skills. These skills can lead to higher-paying jobs and greater job satisfaction. AccordingtotheU. S. DepartmentofEducation, training at a vocational school can lead to a degree, diploma or a certificate in an industry-specific program, such as automotive technology or cosmetology. Potential vocational school candidates should make sure that the school of their choice offers the appropriate licensure needed for an entry-level position in their desired field. CONCLUSION Theresearchersconcludethata Technical-Vocational course is more advantages than professional courses. The impact of technology on occupations, the tendency of employers to set higher educational requirements and the need for employees with  specialized training have made vocational preparation imperative. Part-time programs are essential in order to provide occupational mobility among workers and to overcome the effects of job obsolescence. Bibliography Brown, P. and Hesketh, A. (2004) The Mismanagement of Talent: Employability and Jobs in the Knowledge Economy. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Brickman, William W. â€Å"Vocational Education. † Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008. Brickman, William W. â€Å"Technical Education. † Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008. Brodhead, C. W. â€Å"Image 2000: A Vision for Vocational Education. â€Å" VOCATIONAL EDUCATION JOURNAL 66, no. 1 (January 1991):22-25. O’Connor, P. J. and Trussell, S. T. â€Å"The Marketing of Vocational Education. â€Å" VOCATIONAL EDUCATION JOURNAL 62, no. 8 (November-December 1987):31-32. Silberman, H. F. â€Å"Improving The Status of High School Vocational Education. â€Å"EDUCATIONAL HORIZONS 65, no. 1 (Fall 1986): 5-9. Reeves, Diane Lindsey â€Å"CAREER ACADEMY TOOLKIT†. Raleigh, North Carolina: Bright Futures Press, 2006. MLA Style: â€Å"vocational education. † Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclop? dia Britannica, 2012.